Olympic Games 1996
IYRU Olympic Update
CHANGES TO THE IYRU/IOC LISTS & DEFINITIONS
- SEPT 1994 and 1996
Several modifications have been made which take account of the agreement signed between the IOC, the International Federations and National Olympic Committees in January 1994. Changes in the text make it applicable to International Sports Federations and National Governing bodies. Most sports have adopted the IOC's list. Sailing has not adopted the ban on B-Blockers, except for Match Race Helms.
IYRU/IOC DEFINITIONS OF DOPING
Doping contravenes the ethics of both sport and medical science. Doping consists of:
1. The administration of substances belonging to the prohibited classes of pharmacological agents and/or
2. The use of various doping methods: blood doping, pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulations.
Doping Classes - Explanatory Preamble
The term `and related substances' describes drugs that are related to the class by their pharmacological actions and/or chemical structure. The list of examples has been made shorter, ending with the phrase `and related substances'.
Stimulants
Under doping class 1A there is specific reference to the beta 2 agonists. Bitolterol, orciprenaline and rimiterol are NOT permitted. However, salbutamol, terbutaline and salmeterol remain as permitted beta 2 agonists BY INHALATION ONLY.
Vasoconstrictors eg adrenaline may be administered with local anaesthetic agents. Topical preparations of phenylephrine eg nasal and ophthalmological are now permitted, as are topical preparations of imidazole.
Narcotic Analgesics
Codeine and dihydrocodeine have been removed from the list of examples and are permitted for therapeutic use.
Note: Codeine, Dextromethorphan, Dihydrocodein, Diphenoxylate and Pholcodine are permitted.
Anabolic Agents
Anabolic Agents is a New Term. This class has two sub groups introduced in 1993.
1. Androgenic Anabolic Steroids.
2. Beta 2 agonists eg Clenbuterol, fenoterol. Previously used for asthma but found to be anabolic agents.
Salbutamol, Salmeterol and Terbutaline only may be taken and then only by inhalation and must be declared in writing prior to the competition to the relevant medical authority.
Androgenic Anabolic Steroids : The ratio of Testosterone to Epitestosterone present in the urine that would constitute an offence is greater than 6 (T) to 1 (E), unless there is evidence that the ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, eg: low Epitestosterone excretion, androgenic production of a tumor, enzyme deficiencies.
In the case of T/E higher than 6, it is mandatory that the responsible authority conduct an investigation before the sample is declared positive. A full report will be written and will include a review of previous, subsequent test and any results of endocrine investigations. In the event that previous tests are not available, the athlete should be rested unannounced at least once per month for three months. The results of these investigations should be included in the report. Failure to cooperate in the investigations will result in declaring the sample positive.
Diuretics
Note that the presence of diuretics in a sample taken during out of competition testing will now constitute an offence.
Diuretics have important therapeutic indications for the elimination of excess body fluids from the tissues in certain illnesses, and for the management of high blood pressure. They may be misused to reduce weight quickly in sports where weight categories are involved, and to reduce the concentration of certain substances in the urine.
Peptide, Glycoprotein Hormones and Analogues
This group has been renamed to accurately reflect the named substances. The explanation for Erythropoietin refers to the availability of synthetic EPO.
Methods
The IOC has indicated the administration of epitestosterone as a `manipulation' technique. Further tests for hormones will be carried out if there is suspicion that their levels are abnormal.
Alcohol
Alcohol is not tested for in the sport of sailing. It is a sedative and will impair judgement, as such it is a danger to sailors when afloat.
Marijuana
Marijuana (cannabis sativa) is a sedative hypnotic, It lasts within the system for a long time and if taken for `social purposes' several days before a regatta will still be detectable during the competition. It is not banned for sailboat racing but in many countries possession is against the law. Sailors are warned that they may bring the regatta and organising authorities into disrepute if arrested by the local police during an event. Marijuana is banned in some motor sports eg speedway motor cycles.
Local Anaesthetics
The range of permitted agents has been extended to include bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine and procaine. Written notification of local anaesthetic administration should be submitted to the National Sailing Authority Medical Officer.
Corticosteroids
Under Doping Class IIID the explanation now specifies that "any team doctor wishing to administer corticosteroids by local or intra-articular injection, or by inhalation, to a competitor must given written notification to the relevant medical authority" (See declaration of medications page).
Beta-Blockers
This class of drug has been moved to Group III and will be tested for in those sports where they are likely to enhance performance.
In sailing Beta-Blockers are banned for Match Race Helms only.
Drug Control in Sailing
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